![]() Reverse Osmosis Systems have a very high effectiveness in removing protozoa (for example, Cryptosporidium, Giardia).A reverse osmosis filter has a pore size of approximately 0.0001 micron.Pre- and post-filters are often incorporated along with the reverse osmosis membrane itself. Reverse Osmosis Systems use a process that reverses the flow of water in a natural process of osmosis so that water passes from a more concentrated solution to a more dilute solution through a semi-permeable membrane. ![]() Visit the Water Filters & Other Water Treatment Systems page for more information. Depending on the household’s water needs, pretreatment before filtration may include the addition of coagulants and powdered activated carbon, adjustments in pH or chlorine concentration levels, and other pretreatment processes in order to protect the filter’s membrane surface. Filtration of contaminants depends highly on the amount of contaminant, size of the contaminant particle, and the charge of the contaminant particle.Filtration is a physical process that occurs when liquids, gases, dissolved or suspended matter adhere to the surface of, or in the pores of, an absorbent medium.Before installing a household water treatment system, contact your local health department’s environmental health group for consultation. This document is designed as a guide for household water treatment, not a recommendation. Note: A PDF version of this document with information conveyed visually in table format is available (please note that the PDF is not accessible for screen readers this HTML page contains the same information as that found within the PDF): A Guide to Drinking Water Treatment Technologies for Household Use.
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